Independent editorial coverage of sports nutrition, athlete health and the science behind performance.
Glutamine is one of the most familiar powders on supplement shelves, yet the products behind the same word can differ a lot. Some tubs…
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Casein makes up roughly 80% of the protein in cow's milk, and as a supplement it is usually sold as the "nighttime protein." Around that…
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Tribulus terrestris shows up in countless "test booster" formulas, and it gets a second wave of attention every time lifters start dieting…
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An abscess at an injection site is one of the most common physical complications seen in people who inject performance-enhancing drugs…
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid, or GABA, is the brain's main calming neurotransmitter, and it has become a popular ingredient in sleep, stress and…
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Psyllium husk is one of the oldest fiber supplements in American pharmacies, yet it is surrounded by misconceptions. Some people fear it…
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Many athletes check their total testosterone and stop there. Yet two people with the same total testosterone can have very different…
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When lifters plan a bulking phase, the supplement list usually starts with protein and creatine. Omega-3 fish oil tends to be treated as a…
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Women make up the majority of people living with knee osteoarthritis, and female athletes face distinct joint injury patterns. It is no…
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Clomiphene citrate is best known as a fertility drug for women, but US physicians also prescribe it off-label to some men with low…
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"Sports pharmacology" is a phrase used loosely in gyms and online, sometimes to mean vitamins, sometimes to mean anabolic steroids. The…
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Discussions of anabolic steroids usually focus on muscle, liver enzymes and cholesterol. The effects on mood, sleep and behavior get less…
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Testosterone enanthate is often described simply as an androgen, but part of what it does in the body happens after conversion into other…
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Nebivolol is a third-generation beta-blocker often singled out for a vasodilating effect that other drugs in its class lack. It appears in…
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Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin are the two most widely prescribed statins in the United States, and patients often ask why they were given…
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